coral Reefs is one of the major components of coastal and marine resources major, in addition to the mangrove forest, and yet. Coral is a collection of marine fauna gathered into one form Terumbu. Body structure is made up of many coral calcium and carbon. Living with this animal eat a variety of micro-organisms that live in the field through the sea.
Coral reefs and all life that is inside one of the natural wealth of the nation of Indonesia invaluable price. Wide is estimated that there are coral reefs in the waters of Indonesia is more than 60,000 km2, the wide spread of the West Regions Eastern Indonesia Indonesia (Walters, 1994 in Suharsono, 1998).
Indonesia is the place for about 1 / 8 of the coral reef (Cesar 1997) and is a country that is rich in diversity of the biota, compared with countries other Southeast Asia.
Coral reefs contain a variety of benefits that are very large and diverse, both ecological and economic. According to Cesar (1997) estimate the type of benefit in the coral reefs can be identified into two, namely the benefits of direct and indirect benefits.
Benefits from coral reef that can be directly utilized by humans is the utilization of resources of fish, coral reefs, tourism, research and utilization of aquatic biota that are in it. While that is not included in the utilization is as a direct function of coral reefs as coastal abrasion, biodiversity and others.
Indo-Pacific
Indo-Pacific regional spread from Indonesia to Polynesia and Australia and to the west is the Pacific Ocean to East Africa. This exposition is a regional coral reef is the largest and richest in terms of number of species of coral, fish, and moluska.
Based on the shape and border relations with the growth of coral reefs land (land supernatural) there are three classifications of coral reefs or until it is still widely used.
Terumbu Reef
Feculence masif limestone (limestone), especially carbonic calcium (CaCO3), which is primarily produced by the coral animals and other biota biota-mensekresi the limestone, such as alga berkapur and moluska. Construction biogenis limestone which is the basic structure of a coastal ecosystem. Navigation in the sea, sea spine Terumbu is made by coral reefs or sand near the water surface.
Coral Reef
Is also called coral stones (Stony coral), the animal's Ordo Scleractinia, which are able mensekresi CaCO3. Animals are generally referred to as a single coral polyp.
Coral Terumbu
Terumbu main building structure, usually referred to as coral hermatipik (hermatypic coral) or soft corals, with different coral reef (rock), which is a dead object.
Coral reefs
Ecosystems in the tropical sea floor that was built mainly by marine biota of limestone (CaCO3), especially types coral stone and alga berkapur, together with the biota that live in the other as the basis jenisjenis moluska, krustasea, ekhinodermata, polikhaeta, porifera, and tunikata and biota -biota that live free in the surrounding waters, including the types of plankton and nekton species
Types of coral reefs
1. Coral reef edge (fringing reefs)
Coral reef edge or on the majority of developing coastal beaches of the islands large. Development can achieve the depth of 40 meters with growth up and outwards towards the sea offshore. In the process of development, Terumbu this circular shape is marked with the formation or the deposition tire reef off the island girth. On a steep beach, the clear growth Terumbu vertically. Example: Bunaken (Sulawesi), Panaitan island (Banten), Nusa Dua (Bali).
2. Coral reef barrier (barrier reefs)
Coral reefs are located in a relatively far distance from the island, about 0:52 km to the high seas with limited water berkedalaman by up to 75 meters. Sometimes formed Lagoon (water column) or the width of the slit to reach tens of kilometers. Generally grow in the barrier reef around the island or continent is very large and form a cluster of coral islands discontinuous. Example: Stone Central (Bintan, Riau Islands), Spermonde (South Sulawesi), Banggai Islands (Sulawesi Tengah).
3. Coral reefs ring (atolls)
Coral reefs which ringed the girth limit of pulaupulau vulkanik the sink so that there is no border with the mainland. According to Darwin, coral reefs ring the process is advanced from the coral reef barrier, with an average depth of 45 meters. Example: Taka Bone Rate (Sulawesi), Maratua (South Kalimantan), Island Fund (NTT), Mapia (Papua)
4. Coral reef flat / Terumbu char (patch reefs)
Char Terumbu (patch reefs), sometimes referred to as the flat (flat island). Terumbu this grow from the bottom up to the surface and, over geological time, helping the formation of flat islands. Generally, this island will be developed horizontally or vertically, with a relatively shallow depth. Example: Thousand Islands (DKI Jakarta), Ujung Batu Islands (Aceh)
Zoning coral reefs
Windward reef (Terumbu facing the wind)
Windward is the side facing the direction the wind comes. This zone begins by reef slope or hillside overlooking the Terumbu to the high seas. At the reef slope, abundant coral life in the depth of 50 meters and are generally dominated by soft coral. However, the depth of about 15 meters there is often Terumbu or terrace reef front have plenty of hard coral that is high enough and with the lush coral growth.
Lead to a plateau or island sandbar Terumbu (patch reef), at the top of the reef front closure alga koralin there are a wide Terumbu in punggungan hill where the influence of the strong waves. This area is referred to as a dyke alga or algal ridge. Finally windward end zone by rataan Terumbu (reef flat) is very shallow.
Leeward reef (Terumbu the distance the wind)
Leeward is the distance that the wind direction it came. This zone usually has a carpet of coral reefs more narrow than the windward reef and have a disquisition goba (Lagoon), which is quite big. Goba depth usually less than 50 meters, but less than ideal conditions for coral growth due to a combination of factors waves and water circulation is weakened and a larger sedimentation.
Coral reefs and all life that is inside one of the natural wealth of the nation of Indonesia invaluable price. Wide is estimated that there are coral reefs in the waters of Indonesia is more than 60,000 km2, the wide spread of the West Regions Eastern Indonesia Indonesia (Walters, 1994 in Suharsono, 1998).
Indonesia is the place for about 1 / 8 of the coral reef (Cesar 1997) and is a country that is rich in diversity of the biota, compared with countries other Southeast Asia.
Coral reefs contain a variety of benefits that are very large and diverse, both ecological and economic. According to Cesar (1997) estimate the type of benefit in the coral reefs can be identified into two, namely the benefits of direct and indirect benefits.
Benefits from coral reef that can be directly utilized by humans is the utilization of resources of fish, coral reefs, tourism, research and utilization of aquatic biota that are in it. While that is not included in the utilization is as a direct function of coral reefs as coastal abrasion, biodiversity and others.
Indo-Pacific
Indo-Pacific regional spread from Indonesia to Polynesia and Australia and to the west is the Pacific Ocean to East Africa. This exposition is a regional coral reef is the largest and richest in terms of number of species of coral, fish, and moluska.
Based on the shape and border relations with the growth of coral reefs land (land supernatural) there are three classifications of coral reefs or until it is still widely used.
Terumbu Reef
Feculence masif limestone (limestone), especially carbonic calcium (CaCO3), which is primarily produced by the coral animals and other biota biota-mensekresi the limestone, such as alga berkapur and moluska. Construction biogenis limestone which is the basic structure of a coastal ecosystem. Navigation in the sea, sea spine Terumbu is made by coral reefs or sand near the water surface.
Coral Reef
Is also called coral stones (Stony coral), the animal's Ordo Scleractinia, which are able mensekresi CaCO3. Animals are generally referred to as a single coral polyp.
Coral Terumbu
Terumbu main building structure, usually referred to as coral hermatipik (hermatypic coral) or soft corals, with different coral reef (rock), which is a dead object.
Coral reefs
Ecosystems in the tropical sea floor that was built mainly by marine biota of limestone (CaCO3), especially types coral stone and alga berkapur, together with the biota that live in the other as the basis jenisjenis moluska, krustasea, ekhinodermata, polikhaeta, porifera, and tunikata and biota -biota that live free in the surrounding waters, including the types of plankton and nekton species
Types of coral reefs
1. Coral reef edge (fringing reefs)
Coral reef edge or on the majority of developing coastal beaches of the islands large. Development can achieve the depth of 40 meters with growth up and outwards towards the sea offshore. In the process of development, Terumbu this circular shape is marked with the formation or the deposition tire reef off the island girth. On a steep beach, the clear growth Terumbu vertically. Example: Bunaken (Sulawesi), Panaitan island (Banten), Nusa Dua (Bali).
2. Coral reef barrier (barrier reefs)
Coral reefs are located in a relatively far distance from the island, about 0:52 km to the high seas with limited water berkedalaman by up to 75 meters. Sometimes formed Lagoon (water column) or the width of the slit to reach tens of kilometers. Generally grow in the barrier reef around the island or continent is very large and form a cluster of coral islands discontinuous. Example: Stone Central (Bintan, Riau Islands), Spermonde (South Sulawesi), Banggai Islands (Sulawesi Tengah).
3. Coral reefs ring (atolls)
Coral reefs which ringed the girth limit of pulaupulau vulkanik the sink so that there is no border with the mainland. According to Darwin, coral reefs ring the process is advanced from the coral reef barrier, with an average depth of 45 meters. Example: Taka Bone Rate (Sulawesi), Maratua (South Kalimantan), Island Fund (NTT), Mapia (Papua)
4. Coral reef flat / Terumbu char (patch reefs)
Char Terumbu (patch reefs), sometimes referred to as the flat (flat island). Terumbu this grow from the bottom up to the surface and, over geological time, helping the formation of flat islands. Generally, this island will be developed horizontally or vertically, with a relatively shallow depth. Example: Thousand Islands (DKI Jakarta), Ujung Batu Islands (Aceh)
Zoning coral reefs
Windward reef (Terumbu facing the wind)
Windward is the side facing the direction the wind comes. This zone begins by reef slope or hillside overlooking the Terumbu to the high seas. At the reef slope, abundant coral life in the depth of 50 meters and are generally dominated by soft coral. However, the depth of about 15 meters there is often Terumbu or terrace reef front have plenty of hard coral that is high enough and with the lush coral growth.
Lead to a plateau or island sandbar Terumbu (patch reef), at the top of the reef front closure alga koralin there are a wide Terumbu in punggungan hill where the influence of the strong waves. This area is referred to as a dyke alga or algal ridge. Finally windward end zone by rataan Terumbu (reef flat) is very shallow.
Leeward reef (Terumbu the distance the wind)
Leeward is the distance that the wind direction it came. This zone usually has a carpet of coral reefs more narrow than the windward reef and have a disquisition goba (Lagoon), which is quite big. Goba depth usually less than 50 meters, but less than ideal conditions for coral growth due to a combination of factors waves and water circulation is weakened and a larger sedimentation.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar